| Plant latin name | Zingiber officinale Roscoe |
| Literature code | Zingiber_officinale-Ref-8 |
| Reference | An N.H. et al., Acta Agrobotanica 73: 7329 (2020) |
| Summary | The number of research on ginger microrhizome production is low, despite
awareness of the drawbacks to the traditional method of cultivation and the
known health benefits associated with ginger essential oils. We examined
the effects of several factors on microrhizome induction in order to create a
production protocol for the cultivar found in Hue, Vietnam. To determine the
optimal conditions for ginger microrhizome production, different concentrations
of sucrose, plant growth regulators, ammonium nitrate, and silver nitrate were
investigated. Microrhizome fresh weight and diameter were increased to the
maximum values with application of BAP (6-benzyl amino purine), NAA (
α-naphthaleneacetic acid), IBA (indole-3-butyric acid), and a low ammonium
nitrate concentration, with 0.433 g at 9.03 mm, 0.437 g at 9.73 mm, 0.478 g at
10.80 mm, and 0.449 g at 9.53 mm, respectively. Additionally, we demonstrated
that kinetin has an inhibitory effect on microrhizome growth. The biggest
microrhizomes were grown on MS media containing the optimal concentrations
for each factor – 80 g/L sucrose, 1.9 mg/L AgNO3, 550 mg/L ammonium nitrate, 4
mg/L BAP, 6 mg/L NAA, and 4 mg/L IBA. |
| Objectives | To create an in vitro production method which is capable of providing a productive and high-quality source of microrhizomes for the perennial ginger cultivar of Hue, Vietnam. |
| Materials | The perennial ginger cultivar of Hue, Vietnam. |
| Explant | In vitro ginger plantlets were obtained from the Department of Biology at the Hue
University of Sciences, Vietnam. The used plantlets belong to the ginger population
found in the province of Hue. |
| Initial culture | To create a sufficient number of in vitro shoots for experiments on microrhizome
induction, ginger plantlets were cultured for 2 months on MS (Murashige &
Skoog, 1962) medium containing 30 g/L sucrose, 8 g/L agar, 2 mg/L BAP (6-
benzyl amino purine), and 0.5 mg/L NAA (
-naphthaleneacetic acid).
To eliminate carry-over effects of the plant growth regulators (PGRs), which were
used during shoot multiplication, multiplied shoots (3–4 cm long) were separated
and cultured on basal MS medium containing 30 g/L sucrose and 8 g/L agar for 2
weeks before microrhizome induction experiments. |
| Shoot multiplication | The following experiments were conducted to investigate how ginger microrhizome induction was affected by the factors below:
1. Firstly, the effect of sucrose concentration on microrhizome induction was
examined by culturing in vitro ginger shoots on MS media containing 8 g/L
agar and different sucrose concentrations (30, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 g/L). The
optimal sucrose concentration was used in further experiments.
2. Then, to investigate the effect of silver nitrate (AgNO3) on ginger microrhizome
formation, MS media containing sucrose (at the optimal concentration) and
8 g/L agar were supplemented with different concentrations (0.9, 1.9, 2.9, and
3.9 mg/L) of AgNO3. The best AgNO3 concentration was also used in further experiments.
3. Next, to evaluate the effects of PGRs on microrhizome induction, BAP, kinetin,
NAA, and IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) (at concentrations of 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg/L)
were added to MS media with 8 g/L agar and the most suitable amounts of
sucrose and AgNO3.
4. In parallel, the effect of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) on microrhizome
induction was also assessed. Ginger shoots were cultured on MS media
supplemented with 8 g/L agar, the optimal concentrations of sucrose and
AgNO3, and different quantities of NH4NO3 (1,650, 825, 550, 412.5, and 330
mg/L).Sixty thick dark-green ginger shoots were chosen for each of the above different treatments, and were cultured under these conditions for 3 months. Media for shoot multiplication and microrhizome induction were autoclaved at 121
◦C and 1 atm for 30 minutes, after which 50 mL was poured into 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks and capped with two layers of aluminum foil.
Cultures were incubated at 24–26 ◦C with 16 hours of light per day. Each rack
contained three layers and a total of six (two per layer) 1.2 m-long white LED lights (each tube had a photon flux density of 34 μmol/m2s) and 288 Erlenmeyer flasks (96 flasks per layer).After 3 months of culturing, 10 ginger plantlets from each treatment were chosen randomly and removed from the culture flasks. Stems and roots were thoroughly separated from microrhizomes using scissors, from which fresh weight and diameter were measured. High concentrations of sucrose positively affect microrhizome induction in ginger, with the optimal concentration being 80 g/L. Microrhizomes size was improved in ginger plantlets cultured on MS media with 1.9 mg/L AgNO3 and 80 g/L sucrose.
MS media supplemented with the following factors and the given optimal
concentrations produced the largest and heaviest ginger microrhizomes obtained
in our study – 550 mg/L NH4NO3, 4 mg/L BAP, 6 mg/L NAA, and 4 mg/L IBA. |
| Rooting | |
| Acclimation | |
| Planting | |
| Cultivation conditions | |
| Traints of regenerants | |
| Ingredients analyzed | |
| Extraction | |
| Analitical methods | |
| Notes | |